Synology RS422+ Rackstation NAS Power Cost Test – How Much Will it Cost You To Run?

How Much Electricity Does A Synology RS422+ NAS Use and How Much Does it Cost to run 24×7?

When it comes to choosing a NAS for your home or business, I think it kinda goes without saying that rackmount server’s are the ones that are often the most power-hungry. Due to their larger metal enclosures that require increased active cooling via multiple fans, the larger typical level of CPU/Memory and the increased number of bays that they can arrive in – Rackmount NAS servers tend to cost you more electricity and ultimately more on your energy bill that likewise desktop NAS solutions. However, this is a rule that has certainly become less true in recent years as NAS brand’s release much more compact, affordable and efficient rackmount servers, with the subject of today’s review being a fantastic example. The Synology RS422+ is a half depth, 4-Bay, 1U rackmount with a modest PSU, dual Core CPU and 2GB of fixed/soldered memory. It is NOT your typical rackmount NAS and for those that want the business class physical design of a rackmount server, but without the energy bill head ache, it could be very tempting. In this energy-aware climate, it can be appreciated that a NAS drive (a 24×7 appliance) seemingly has its cost to the end user in terms of electricity as something of a vague number. With so many kinds of NAS available in the market, featuring a mix of CPUs, PSUs, Bays and utilities, PLUS the wide range of HDD/SSD drives in the market to choose from – there are just so many variables when trying to work out how much power your NAS drive is using and how much that is translating to in your monthly energy bill! So, today’s article is about working out how much electricity the popular Synology RS422+ NAS and HAT5300 16TB HDDs (the recommended HDD series for this NAS) will consume, as well as how much that equals to you in £, $ or € per day, month and year! We tested the Synology NAS system, connected them to an energy monitor and worked out how much power they used in full active use and in idle. Let’s begin.

The Synology RS422+ NAS Current Price/Availability on Amazon –$799	The HAT5300 16TB HDD (x4) Current Price/Availability on Amazon –$599
AMD Ryzen R1600 CPU, 2-Core 2.6-3.1hz Celeron CPU 2GB DDR4 Memory, 1GbE	16 Terabyte Capacity – SATA 3.5″ Form Factor 7200RPM – 512MB Cache – 8 Platters

NAS Power Use Test Setup

Choosing the appropriate NAS drive for these tests was always going to be tough. I DO intend on repeating these tests with several different NAS drives after this in some follow-up articles (the larger article that I will be adding to can be found HERE), but wanted these first few tests to be focused on one of the most POPULAR NAS setups (and the RS422+ is still one of the most popular Synology NAS the brand has ever produced and the HAT5300 16TB HDDs, as well as identifying the difference between using newer gen CPUs and Larger drives vs using older generation devices and smaller capacity media. This will involve 2x tests on each NAS+Media configuration. Here is a breakdown of the hardware configurations and test architectures:

• Synology RS422+ NAS, AMD CPU+4GB Memory Setup over 1GbE
• 4x HAT5300 16TB (RAID5)
• During ‘ACTIVE’ 24hr Tests, the NAS was prevented from going into standby/idle. 1 VM running, 1-Core and 1GB Memory, 2x IP Cameras recording non-stop, drive S.M.A.R.T tests scheduled to be hourly
• During IDLE 24hr Tests, the VM was deleted, VM and Surveillance Software disabled, ALL S.M.A.R.T tests disabled and network cable (1GbE) disconnected.
• The first day of operation (which includes initialization and RAID creation) not counted (but visible at the start of the graph).
• Power was monitored with a GOSUND SMART KIT Smart Plug, Mini 13A – Find HERE

The initial 24 hours (used for system initialization and RAID configuration) were NOT included in the power usage monitoring, as although they appear on the graph they are one-off single-event scenarios. Each test (Active vs Idle) was conducted for 24hrs and the overall electricity usage was displayed in kw (kilowatt). But what is the difference between Active and Idle activity? Why does it matter?

What is the Difference Between a NAS Drive ‘Active’ and in ‘IDLE / Standby’?

Although a NAS is designed to be in operation 24×7 and is consuming electricity when running, the actual reality of this and the extent to which it is consuming it is actually alot more nuanced. Most home users who have a NAS system will use the NAS directly for a significant;y smaller portion of time per day than it is actually powered on for. Perhaps to stream a movie or a couple of TV episodes, run a daily backup, have a couple of cameras in/outside their home that are sending recordings (or more likely just alerts and associated captures) to the NAS and that is about it. They will periodically do more than these, maybe a VM, more sophisticated backup or use some of the other services ad hoc, but the result is that in most domestic/bog standard home scenarios, a NAS will be switched internally to Idle/Standby after no pro-active use quite quickly and spend 80-90% of the time in low power modes. Business users might well be using the system 24×7 for sync’d tasks and on-going camera recording, but even then, this will be a lower %  of system resources in use. So, in order to find a comparable and relative means to study the electricity use of a NAS and it’s cost, I have conducted two tests per NAS+HDD configuration. The first, a 24 Hour Active test, with the system using a decent % of it’s CPU+Memory, a swell as the HDDs not being given the chance to switch to Idle/Standy (by constantly writing AND performing S.M.A.R.T tests hourly). The idle tests involve all of those apps, services and scheduled operations being cancelled and the network cable being disconnected from the NAS (for another 24hrs). From here we can work out the cost of an hour of power usage by either setup in high activity and near-zero activity. But how can we work out the COST of the electricity used by the NAS in that time period?

How Energy Costs in these NAS Tests were Calculated?

The results of the energy usage are then cross-referenced by ‘sust-it.net’ and calculations of the cost of the used electricity per day, month and year was calculated for the UK, U.S, Germany, Australia and Canada. Now, using a select energy tariff is much harder, as there are quite literally thousands of different energy providers globally, each with their own pricing on the cost of energy per ‘kWh’. So, I used the national average calculations that were provided by ‘sust-it’ for each of those areas. Some are clearly more up-to-date than others (i.e the United Kingdom Avg Energy cost tariff is dated October 2022, whereas the Canada’s average energy cost is from way back in March 2020), however, these will still provide a good basis for understanding what a NAS drive is going to cost you in electricity when it is in operation. The national tariff averages used in this article for each region are as follows:

UK: Energy Price (October 2022) electricity rate of 34.00 pence per kWh.

USA: Average (Feb 2022) electricity rate of 14.80 cents per kWh.

Germany: Average (June 2021) electricity rate of 31.93 Eurocents per kWh.

Australia: Average (March 2022) electricity rate of 23.59 cents per kWh.

Canada: Average (2020) electricity rate of 8.50 cents per kWh.

Source – https://www.sust-it.net

There are the rates that we will be using to calculate the running costs of the Synology NAS system (and more importantly its Drive setup and CPU usage).

Test – Synology RS422+ NAS and 4x HAT5300 16TB Drives

I set the Synology RS422+ NAS and HAT5300 16TB Hard drives up in the following configuration for the Active tests:

• Synology RS422+ NAS
• HAT5300 16TB HDD, RAID 5
• Surveillance Station 9 and 2x Reolink Dome IP Cameras (24hrs Active)
• Synology Virtual Machine Manager, 1x Windows VM, 1 Core, 1GB Memory (24hrs Active)
• Synology Storage Manager (DSM 7.1) and S.M.A.R.T Tests per Hour (24hr Active)
• Reported Average power requirements of a HAT5300 16TB (Single):
  • 4W Standby/Idle
  • 7.63W Active

Then, 24hrs later, I disabled all these processes, disconnected the RJ45 LAN and let the NAS fall into idle/standby mode. The results were as follows:

The power that was used in the initialization of both the NAS and the drives in the RAID was NOT included in the respective Actie/Idle tests.

Synology RS422+ and HAT5300 16TB HDD Test Results:

0.03583kW use per Hour in full access/use and 0.01375kW use per Hour in idle/standby:

1hr Active Use (KW)	UK Power Use £	U.S Power Use $	Germany Power Use €	Australia AU$	Canada CA$
Per Hour	£0.01	0.0053	0.0114	0.0085	0.003
1hr Idle Use (KW)	UK Power Use £	U.S Power Use $	Germany Power Use €	Australia AU$	Canada CA$
Per Hour	£0.00	0.002	0.0044	0.0032	0.0012

During 24hrs of Active/Full Use, 0.86KW:

24hr Active Use (KW)	UK Power Use £	U.S Power Use $	Germany Power Use €	Australia AU$	Canada CA$
Cost Per Day	£0.29	0.1272	0.2736	0.204	0.072
Cost per Month	8.906	3.869	8.322	6.205	2.19
Cost Per Year	106.872	46.428	99.864	74.46	26.28

During idle by 24 (hours) 0.33KW:

24hr Idle Use (KW)	UK Power Use £	U.S Power Use $	Germany Power Use €	Australia AU$	Canada CA$
Cost Per Day	£0.11	0.048	0.1056	0.0768	0.0288
Cost per Month	3.431	1.46	3.212	2.336	0.876
Cost Per Year	41.172	17.52	38.544	28.032	10.512

So, what about if you were to only use the NAS at active use for around 25% of the day (i.e 6hrs of active with backups, multimedia, etc) and 75% of the day as idle (i.e 18hrs unused):

25%/75% Active/Idle Use:

18hr Idle Use (KW) 6hr Active Use	UK Power Use £	U.S Power Use $	Germany Power Use €	Australia AU$	Canada CA$
Cost Per Day	£0.16	0.0678	0.1476	0.1086	0.0396
Cost per Month	4.79975	2.06225	4.4895	3.30325	1.2045
Cost Per Year	57.597	24.747	53.874	39.639	14.454

Now it is worth keeping in mind that the costs for each region have a notably different price per kW rate, so even after factoring in currency conversions between different units (eg Pounds vs Dollars), there is a significant degree of difference in the costs per day, month and year of the exact same NAS+HDD setup above. Stay tuned, check below to see if other NAS power tests have been published and recommended to you, or watch the video version of these tests (which goes into more detail on the current predicaments in the energy crisis facing many of us in 2022, 2023 and beyond.

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