RAID 0 vs RAID 5 vs RAID 6 – WD Red Pro 22TB and QNAP NAS 10GbE Tests

QNAP TS-464 NAS 10GbE RAID 0/5/6 Testing with the WD Red Pro 22TB HDDs

When you buy a new NAS and drives, one of the most important long-term decisions that you will make is choosing your RAID level. A RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is the process of combining multiple media drives together into a single area of storage (a Storage Pool). Different RAID configurations provide different benefits and although it is not impossible to switch/change your RAID level years down the line it is not particularly straightforward, is quite limited in the range of RAID change options and often just makes you wish you had picked better the first time around! That is one of the main purposes of today’s article, to understand the performance differences between the big three RAID configurations that people choose for their first NAS system – RAID 0, RAID 5 and RAID 6. In order to achieve this, I have opted to use the 2022 released QNAP TS-464 4-Bay NAS, combined with a 10GbE upgrade and alongside this I have fully populated the device with FOUR of the new massive capacity 22TB WD Red Pro series Hard drives. What we have here is a fully-featured, Prosumer NAS system with an external 1,000MB/s external throughput and a potential 88 Terabytes to play with! This will be a great way to test the performance potential of RAID 0 vs RAID 5 vs RAID 6 for users who are considering a modest scale 4-Bay NAS and want to make sure they pick the right RAID configuration for their needs right – FIRST TIME! Before we get started, if you are interested in emulating these tests for yourself, or are keen to achieve these results in your own setup and want to know the devices I used in these tests, you can use the links below to find each item on Amazon in your local region. Using these links will result in amazon sending a small % back to us here at NASCompares that goes directly back into our site and services, allowing us to continue making these articles, videos and more – Thanks in advance!

Hardware Used in today’s Tests

Note – If you would rather WATCH these tests in video form, you can watch the WD Red 22TB and QNAP TS-464 NAS Performance Tests here on the NASCompares YouTube Channel. Alternatively, you can watch my review of either the QNAP TS-464 NAS or WD Red Pro 22TB NAS Hard Drive below:

 QNAP TS-464 NAS Review WD Red Pro 22TB Review

QNAP TS-464 NAS & WD Red Pro 22TBs – The Test Setup and Hardware Used

These tests were conducted in a Windows 10 client machine environment over 3 days (factoring RAID rebuild times and cool downs) and all three RAID configurations (RAID 0, 5, 6) were conducted with four WD Red Pro series 22TB hard disks. The benchmark software used for these tests was Atto Disk Benchmark, as it provides a very wide range of test setups – as well as working much more smoothly with iSCSI targets/LUNs in windows and providing clearly information to display to the layman for this article. Additionally, given that just one of the WD 22TB hard drives can achieve more than 250MB/s throughput, I went ahead with a 10GbE, point-to-point connection between my PC and the NAS, using a QNAP 1st party 1 Port 10GbE card and the Sonnet Solo 10GbE Thunderbolt to 10GbE adapter. Here is a breakdown of the specific test setup components:

  • QNAP TS-464 4-Bay NAS with QTS 5

  • WD Red Pro 22TB NAS Hard Drives x4, RAID 0 or RAID 5 Configuration (depending
  • 20TB iSCSI LUN via the Default iSCSI Manager Target, connected to the Windows PC with the iSCSI initiator as a local appearing drive for Atto Disk Benchmark
  • Local PC Network Adapter using the Thunderbolt-to-10GbE adapter
  • Windows 10 Pro PC, Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz 2.20 GHz, 32GB DDR4 2666Mhz Memory, Internal Samsung 970 Pro 1TB SSD

  • MTU / Jumbo Frames set to 9K on both the NAS and the Network Adapter, Direct Connection (LAN-to-LAN), no network switch

Before we go further though, we need something to measure against. Here is the default performance of a SINGLE WD Red Pro 22TB NAS Hard Drive, using the QNAP QTS Storage Manager Benchmark Tool:

As you can see, even on it’s own, a single WD Red Pro 22TB HDD can largely saturate even a single external 2.5GbE connection. So, at the very least, you are going to get 240-260MB/s with just the one drive. So, let’s get down to business! I performed a wide scope of tests, so let’s go through those results!

QNAP TS-464 NAS, RAID 0 10GbE Performance Tests

The first RAID we are testing in our WD Red Pro 22TB and QNAP TS-464 NAS setup is RAID 0. In a RAID 0 configuration, ALL of the available capacity of the drives you select is available BUT you have no redundancy (i.e no safety net if a drive fails) and in the event of one of your HDDs going bust, you almost certainly lose ALL of your data (this can be very marginally negated if you spend some time deciding on a spanning or stripe style RAID protocol). So, why do people choose RAID 0 if it has such a high cost in the event of drive failure? Well, there are the massive storage benefits of course, but there is the other big bonus that the NAS will be reading and writing ALL the drives at once, hugely increasing the maximum performance that can be achieved. Also, as RAID 0 has no redundancy and no CPU resources are being used to calculate parity (a blueprint of data that is used for data restoration) which further increases performance AND lowers overall system hardware use. Therefore I expect the performance of the WD Red Pro 22TB HDDs to be very good in a RAID 0 configuration over 10GbE.

ATTO DiskBenchmark 64MB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 803MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 837MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 256MB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 803MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 835MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 1GB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 814MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 835MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 4GB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 806MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 730MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 16GB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 803MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 805MB/s


QNAP TS-464 NAS, RAID 5 10GbE Performance Tests

Next, I wanted to test the most popular RAID configuration for 4-Bay NAS drives like the QNAP TS-464 – RAID 5. In this configuration, it pools the four 22TB WD Red Pro hard disks together, but thanks to a system of data being striped across the disks during writing (i.e. data is written across the disks in a 1, 2, 3, etc pattern continuously AND one disk on each stripe having parity data (a blueprint of the data written on the other disks in that particular stripe), it means that in the event of a drive dying, you can rebuild the data that was on the broken drive from the remaining data on the other disks and the availability parity data. This also means that in order to maintain a balance of combined storage and ensure space for parity data, a RAID 5 will result in 1 drive’s worth of data capacity being educated from the overall total. So, in the case of the TS-464 and four 22TB Hard Drives, you would get 66TB of available data (as 22TB of that is used for parity data provisioning). Additionally, although you are still reading AND writing from multiple disks at once, the calculation, creation and maintenance of parity data in a RAID 5 has a negative impact on the total performance, as the system is using more resources (CPU+Memory) in order to keep things running smoothly in your storage pool. Modern NAS systems have done an excellent job of choosing very capable CPUs and RAID 5 configurations in recent years have been substantially better in performance. However, a RAID 5 will still have a lower degree of performance to a comparable RAID 0 hardware setup. Here is how the RAID 5 on the WD Red Pro 22TBs and the QNAP TS-464 NAS performed:

ATTO DiskBenchmark 64MB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 800MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 779MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 256MB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 517MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 781MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 1GB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 535MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 781MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 4GB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 520MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 687MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 16GB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 525MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 724MB/s


QNAP TS-464 NAS, RAID 6 10GbE Performance Tests

Our final test of the QNAP TS-464 NAS was a configuration setup up of a RAID 6 on the four WD Red Pro 22TBs. Now, a RAID 6 is highly comparable to a RAID 5 (discussed above), but instead of 1 drive of failure protection (the redundancy/safety net), you have TWO drives of safety. You need at least four drives in order to setup a RAID 6, but most users who consider RAID 6 are using much, much larger bay configurations and you generally find RAID 6 in homes/businesses where the data on the drives is mission critical, priceless or utterly impossible to recreate (from company accounts to photos of your children growing up!). Now, alongside the expected drop in capacity being 2 drives lower (so in the case of this configuration of 4x 22TB HDDs, you have 44TB available to storage data), the system’s overhead in creating parity/blueprints of the current data in efforts to maintain that two disk redundancy/safety net is twice as much, so performance will decrease further. So, let’s see how the QNAP TS-464 and the WD Red Pro 22TBs faired in performance over 10GbE in a RAID 6 set up:

ATTO DiskBenchmark 64MB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 809MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 780MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 256MB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 399MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 781MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 1GB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 430MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 781MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 4GB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 444MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 625MB/s


ATTO DiskBenchmark 16GB File Test, 512B-to-64MB I/O Size

Peak Write Performance – 422MB/s  /  Peak Read Performance – 623MB/s


QNAP TS-464 NAS + WD Red 22TB RAID 6 Tests – Verdict & Conclusion

Overall, the performance that the QNAP TS-464 NAS and those 22TB WD Red Pro HDDs provided in each RAID configuration was pretty much what I would have expected. The Celeron CPU inside this NAS is a much more middle-of-the-road processor compared to more ‘file system’ and ‘general throughput-focused’ alternatives in the AMD-embedded Ryzen, Xeon or Atom that are found on other bulkier NAS systems, so it was always unlikely to saturate a full 10GbE connection with just four drives, even in a RAID 0 with an Intel Celeron processor. However, the RAID 5 configuration regularly hit the 600-700MB/s mark in this 4 disk RAID 5 configuration which, considering we are still talking about mechanical HDDs (even at 22TB and 265MB/s per drive) is pretty impressive! The RAID 6 performance clearly took the wind out of the sales of this 4-Bay though and unless you were using a larger 6-8 Bay configuration (such as the TS-664 or higher), this NAS hardware configuration struggled at the double parity level. Overall, the WD Red Pro 22TB hard drives perform exceptionally well and were consistent in their operation and the QNAP TS-464 NAS did exactly what it promised! If you are looking for a huge amount of capacity in a compact package, this potential 88TB 4-Bay desktop NAS combo is pretty incredible!

 

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      104 thoughts on “RAID 0 vs RAID 5 vs RAID 6 – WD Red Pro 22TB and QNAP NAS 10GbE Tests

      1. I picked this up after watching this video a year ago and it’s been an awesome solution for my media needs. I acttually attached the TR-004 and it’s been a great flexible solution for all my needs.
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      2. Your life will be better if you got your teeth fixed. I did it at age 44, best thing I have ever done. Two months of your youtube pay will cover the cost. You will speak better too.
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      3. These units are CPU limited. I own the same NAS. I later built a Core i9 9900k TrueNAS system with raidZ2 (like raid 5) and I easily get 1200MB on 10gig.
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      4. Only problem is (with that calculation at the beginning), “22TB drive” is not actually 22 TB, but slightly more than 20 TB. While that would still fit your estimated 18 TB collection, you would not be left with 4 TB to spare.
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      5. …….THANK YOU! ……is this the newest version, or is there a update for this device? ……would you still buy it, or are there better alternatives? ….i want to use 2xM2ssd’s as HomeCloud Storage and i want to insert 2xHDDs (Exos X16 with 14GB) as long term storage. Ist it possible to use the Cloud Storage while the HDDs go to sleep???? …because this is not possible with the Synology 923+
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      6. great video , as always! What happens if you put 2xNVME’s on that expansion card and try to test the speed of them. In RAID 0 and 1. The PCI Gen 3 slot will be bottlenecked? I’m curios of the speeds you get in this setup.
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      7. I would be interested to know if a Gen4 card qm2-2p410g2t could be installed in the TS-464 which has Gen3 PCIe or even in a ts-453d with Gen2 🙂 Would be great to see a video to this different Gen2-4 slots and cards. Thank you for all your videos 🙂
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      8. I’m confused..; i saw so many times that the max capacity for a single volume that consumer NAS and docking station is 16tb per volume… but here 22tb (x4!!!) seems to work just fine and people in the comments mention 18tb being the sweet spot… are NAS and docking station compatible with more than 16tb despite the infos that they are not, that can be found often?
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      9. I’ve been a fan of WD for a very very long time, back in the days when Seagate was utter crap and unreliable. However, I hate those WD helium filled drives, their hammering sounds are very irritating and have no reason to do that, even when idle! I purchased a Seagate Exos 18TB a while ago, and it’s whisper quiet (besides the faint 7200 rpm whine, which all drives do by the way) it barely does any hammering sounds like the WD’s do right next to it. And don’t even get me started about WD Elements 8TB+, they freaking vibrate like an earthquake, plus the very loud hammering sounds. As much as I would like to get a 22TB WD, the noise is simply unacceptable and it surprises me they haven’t figured out how to address that yet.

        P.S. I love your channel because you’re the only one who reviews us the noise levels of hdd’s.
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      10. This video was great. You did tests that we always wanted. Please keep the same formula for next videos, testing transfer speed in different RAIDS.
        I wish you could test: 10GbE + 2 X NVME in RAID 0. Or a double 10GbE card for maximum bandwidth for 2 NVMEs. I believe you can reach 2000MB transfer speed in possible with that configuration.
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      11. Looking at the QNAP site for the TS464, it says to use QNAP memory. Is that a “must” of just the standard line adn in fact you can put any branded memory in? I can see you cen get 8gb of Crucial SODIMM DDR4 3200mhz for £21 a stick which seems like a bargain if it would wokr in this
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      12. WD give this man longer with these (or slightly faster 18TB) drives, AND some SN700 SSDs for caching. Better yet, give him 6 HDDs, so he do the testing with more drives (in RAID 6).
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      13. I just bought the TS-464 for a small business and want to run Virtualization Station. The NAS came with 4GB of RAM (ADATA ADS2666J4G19-BSSZ). What would the compatible Crucial RAM be to bump up the memory?
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      14. Thank you for this helpful info. Have you tested larger amounts of RAM (32 or 64GB) to see if it works? Also are you aware of a TB4 PCIe card that is compatible with TS464?
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      15. Cool video and very interesting, would like to know where would be the better place to install the NVME cache, in the NAS itself with pcie 3×1 or on the QM2 10gbe card with the two nvme slots which has pcie 3×2..? Thanks for all your effort on this videos
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      16. Love the review, looking for a replacement for my 10 year old 4 bay QNAP. Can you fit 2.5 SATA SSDs in the bays as standard? How noisy is the fan in this, as looking for a quiet system. Thanks!
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      17. What are you thoughts on the TS464eU vs RS422+? Obviously the QNAP has better hardware (esp for plex) but it DSM worth sacrificing hardware? Don’t want to get ransomwared! Wish the DS920/22+ came in rackmount 🙁
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      18. Celeron N5105 has base frequency 2000MHz and burst 2900MHz ,support: up to 16GB RAM (ECC RAM do not supported), 2xSATA-3 connections and has total 8 lanes PCIe 3.(Intel ARK specification sheet)
        At 2:27 time stamp we see that you use only 4GB non ECC RAM and the above reported CPU to control 88TB drives and even more to handle 10Gbps aditional card and RAID pools.
        At 1:45 WD Red 22TB data sheet in Performance tab :Internal transfer rate 265MB/s and in Reliability/Data Integrity tab: MTBF (Hours) 1M and Workload rate (TB/year) 300.
        You can get better drives with similar capasity,270~280MB/s transfer rate, 2.5M hours MTBF and 550TB/year Workload rate for the same or less money.
        You need an Intel ZEON or AMD EPIC CPU based platform and ECC RAM at least 64GB to handle these drives efficiently.
        For instance the temperatures of your system are above 40 degrees for cpu and drives when they are at idle and the limit for the drives is 50 degrees Celciou.
        These drives have designed to work: in server rack with huge airflow for their cooling, noise enviroment and hi energy concumption. By puting them in a small box with a small fan and bad airflow you kill them. Same problem with overheating have alsow the 10Gbps cards, for the same reason :they have designed for server racks airflows and enviroments.
        For all these i think your test`s results are far away from the reality.
        If you want to measure the performances of your drives ,is better to install them in a desktop machine with at least 64GB RAM and a multicore CPU and perform all these tests again with RAID and ZFS pools with ZLib and Larcs activated.
        That will be real help for us.
        Thank You.
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      19. Well… RAID 6 with only 4 drives, the results are no surprise – as the theoretical maximum throughput is twice that of a single HDD.
        Use 6 or 8 drives, and the results would change.
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      20. i dont know why, people waste so much money on these little nas devices? you can buy used x99 x299 board and a used raid card and add thunderbolt, and have a ton of pcie lanes, sata, raid cards and 10gbe or more. My Plex server/Steam Server is my old X99 loaded for bear, and water cooled with 64 gig of ram and 10 core cpu. I just use windows and share drives on the network, easy peasy and not to complicated.
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      21. probably cause your thunderbolt controller, is running through your chipset, and not the pcie lanes. so it would be shared with all your usb devices and sata and audio. there’s ways around it depending on your motherboard.
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      22. My Drobo 5D3 is considerably louder though I’ve no actual figures to back this statement up.

        I have a Synology DS1621+ and would look for a different system for my two onsite drives. Even though the Synology is easy to use, I was always advised that you should have 3 different types of drive, one of which is off-site.

        Having just watched this test, when my Drobo eventually dies, I might invest in a Q-Nap populated with big drives. Thanks
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      23. Stupid size Shingle drives are only good for CCTV or mega corp data farm media archives. anything else they are a screaming nightmare. just dont even think of using them for regular systems.
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      24. Not long ago I bought a QNAP NAS to store all of my photos and video on. I backup to USB drives. It didn’t take me long to figure out that a NAS with RAID is obsolete with even 18 TB drives.
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      25. sound test on a wooden desk? of course it is going to be louder, so these sound tests are not indicative to the actual sound on a sound dampening surface which you would use if had this setup.
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      26. I’ve never seen you before, but youtube suggested you. I was going quite fine until that musical turd became apparent. Up yours – you’ve lost a viewer for life. Bye.
        REPLY ON YOUTUBE

      27. Just want to say Thank You! Your videos have so much genuinely great advice for those of us who are trying to start up with NAS Drives… I started off with a WD My Cloud Home (Not the greatest experience), recently inherited a Synology DS713+ which was pre set up to RAID0, I’d like to update the second drive as its got a 12TB in (1) and a 4TB in (2), and I’d like to update (2) to something bigger for the future… Will I be able to make sure all the data is on (1) as it shouldnt be filled up as yet, or am I going to have remigrate all the data and set up a fresh install? Also is this a model I can upgrade the Memory on easily? I find Plex runs really slowly and would like to make the most of what I have already. Thanks in advance, Keep up the great videos, 22TB???!!!! WHOA! I dont think I could ever fill that!
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      28. Always keep my Windows, macOS, Synology and QNAP firmware/updates up-to-date but have never updated the firmware on a physical NAS drive. Have main QNAP running 8x 12TB IronWolf drives can you do a video on the do’s and dont’s, the benefits/risk and the process itself?
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      29. As of now I have 34TB being used in my Synology, 5233 movies 657 Tv shows (I don’t know how many episodes) mostly 480p and now slowly going to 1080p and getting very few 4k. Also backing up all of my families phone’s photo’s and videos, free space gets eaten up quick.
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      30. Love your channel. I have an older DS418 that i will be upgrading to a DS922+. I currently have Seagate Ironwolf 8 Tb drives (5400 spin) but plan on upgrading to Synology 12 Tb drives (7200 spin) over time. Will the difference in speed hinder performance until i replace all 4 drives??
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      31. This needs to become a offical measurements for what hard drives can store. I think we need to have a website that will let you choose the show and the quality and say how many episodes the hard drive will store.
        REPLY ON YOUTUBE

      32. SAME PRICE( MSRP of $600) WITH WD GOLD 22TB (AND WD PURPLE PRO) WICH IS TIMES BETTER AS IT HAS 2,5M MTBF (1M RED PRO),550TB/YEAR WORKLOAD(300TB/YEAR RED PRO) , 291MB/SEC MAX SUSTAINED TRANSFER RATE(265MB/SEC RED PRO) AND 1 IN 10E15 UNRECOVERABLE READ ERRORS(1 IN 10E13 RED PRO)
        I THINK THAT RED PRO 22TB IS EXTREME OVERPRICED AND SO NO RECOMENDED.
        REPLY ON YOUTUBE

      33. ♥️???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????❤️ Alles sehr schön. Aber zuerst zusammen die Nummern 10 und 1. Eine warmthhh.Online Brünette und eine andere Blondine. Es wäre unfairh, wenn ich 4 wählen würde
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      34. If only they made these capacities with their lower noise lines. 45-60 dB is just not tolerable for many use cases that might actually want this storage density in home/office.
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      35. Two months later and this thing is still impossible to find in North America. You can find the TS-464-4G on Newegg at the moment for $950 which is outrageous and looks like a price gouge from some Taiwanese company.
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      36. Hi! I LOVE your videos but there is a little desync between the video and your voice which is noticeable. I’m just wondering is it just me? It looks a little bit wired. Still awesome stuff, thank you!
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      37. Hi, I have been watching a few of your vids as I consider needs for a docu-series I am developing in Bali, Indonesia. First, thank you for the great, concise information you provide – much appreciated! What I am looking at is a remote NAS set-up on a mobile van for production that we can dump SD content shot on Canon C70 cameras immediately after they are filled up and then hopefully have redundancy with that footage sync’d to another NAS server (TV series) back in our edit suite. Does this sound plausible to you and if so, what would you recommend as best QNAP gear for the job? Thanks.
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      38. Hi, I saw in QNAP HCL for TS-453A that some HDD (ST8000VN0004 8TB) would require specific trays due to screw holes set up in a different manner. Are the new trays for TS-464 fully compatible with all disks now ?
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      39. I bought a higher end Qnap NAS a couple of years ago, eventually got it all set up near enough to what I wanted, had it serving my website & being my data store that I could access remotely. Then all the qnap attacks started. I no longer feel it’s safe to have my NAS open to the net, so I look it off line and battened down the hatches. It’s such a pity, I have a really expensive sledgehammer and I’m using it to knock in tiny tacks now.
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      40. April 19, 2022 – “QNAP urges customers to disable UPnP port forwarding on routers” why doesn’t qnap just fix their stuff to be secure by default… This garbage of pushing security problems onto their customers is not right. Shame too because the hardware looks not bad
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      41. I can’t find this model on q-nap website, closest thing is TBS-464 which is a different beast. Btw, based on current prices one can easily build their own NAS with far better CPU and ram, $150 motherboard, $200 cpu, $100 psu, $50 8gb ddr4 ram. Jonsbo case $200, FreeNAS software, free. Typical 4gb celeron or atom based NAS costs $800+ (figures are in AUD)
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      42. Would Plex running on the NAS be able to transcode media using the GPU for remote users? It’s not clear to me if the GPU is only leveraged when using the HDMI port on the back.
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      43. Outstanding first look at the QNAP TS-464. Currently I have the TS-653D and while there isn’t a massive feature upgrade with the new line there are some noteworthy differences of which the built in NVMe support and SoC bump up to N5105 are welcomed. I had to install a QNAP QM2 card to get NVMe and 10GbE support which just adds to the out of pocket expense.

        Keep up the good work. I look forward to follow up reviews which I’m sure will be great too.

        Cheers!
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